2023年交通银行内蒙古分行校园招聘考试英语基础知识试题八.docx

交通银行内蒙古分行校园招聘考试英语基础知识试题（八）

阅读理解

The?provision?of?positive?incentives?to?work?in?the?new?society?will?not?be?an?easy?task.?But?the?most?difficult?task?of?all?is?to?devise?the?ultimate?and?final?sanction?to?replace?the?ultimate?sanction?of?hunger—the?economic?whip?of?the?old?dispensation.?Moreover,?in?a?society?which?rightly?rejects?the?pretence?of?separating?economics?from?politics?and?denies?the?autonomy?of?the?economic?order,?that?sanction?can?be?found?only?in?some?conscious?act?of?society.?We?can?no?longer?ask?the?invisible?hand?to?do?our?dirty?work?for?us.

I?confess?that?I?am?less?horror-struck?than?some?people?at?the?prospect,?which?seems?to?me?unavoidable,?of?an?ultimate?power?of?what?is?called?direction?of?labour?resting?in?some?arm?of?society,?whether?in?an?organ?of?state?or?of?trade?unions.?I?should?indeed?be?horrified?if?I?identified?this?prospect?with?a?return?to?the?conditions?of?the?pre-capitalist?era.?The?economic?whip?of?laissez-faire?undoubtedly?represented?an?advance?on?the?serf-like?conditions?of?that?period:?in?that?relative?sense,?the?claim?of?capitalism?to?have?established?for?the?first?time?a?system?of?“free”?labour?deserves?respect.?But?the?direction?of?labour?as?exercised?in?Great?Britain?in?the?Second?World?War?seems?to?me?to?represent?as?great?an?advance?over?the?economic?whip?of?the?heyday?of?capitalist?private?enterprise?as?the?economic?whip?represented?over?pre-capitalist?serfdom.

Much?depends?on?the?effectiveness?of?the?positive?incentives,?much,?too,?on?the?solidarity?and?self-discipline?of?the?community.?After?all,?under?the?system?of?laissez-faire?capitalism?the?fear?of?hunger?remained?an?ultimate?sanction?rather?than?a?continuously?operative?force.?It?would?have?been?intolerable?if?the?worker?had?been?normally?driven?to?work?by?conscious?fear?of?hunger;?nor,?except?in?the?early?and?worst?days?of?the?Industrial?Revolution,?did?that?normally?happen.?Similarly?in?the?society?of?the?future?the?power?of?direction?should?be?regarded?not?so