组培人体胚胎学.pptVIP

人体胚胎学

Humanembryology主讲人：苏衍萍PrefaceStudydevelopmentandmechanismofhumanbodyfromfertilizationtobirth.Definition:(定义)Normalhumanbodydevelopmentinuterus.(胚胎发育)Relationbetweenmotherandembryo.(母子关系)Hereditarymalformationandreproductiveengineering(先天畸形与生殖工程)Content(内容)3、胚胎分期(1)preembryonicperiod(胚前期)fertilizationto—2W(2)embryonicperiod(胚期)3W—8W(sensitiveperiodofteratogenesis,致畸敏感期)(3)fetalperiod(胎儿期)9W—birth*perinatalperiod(围产期)26W--4Wafterbirth8周末受精胚期胎期围产期（1-8周）（9-38周）(26周-生后4周)出生受精、卵裂、器官系统发育、胚泡形成、功能建立完善、植入、胚体长大。三胚层形成分化、胎膜胎盘形成器官原基建立有害因素影响可致畸………ImportanceImportanceandmethodStudymethods21Humanembryogenesisanddevelopmentofearlyperiod1Germcellandfertilization(生殖细胞和受精)(1)Germcell(生殖细胞)spermatozoon（精子）A.Morphologicalmaturation(形态的成熟)intestisB.SpermatozoaundergoaFunctionalmaturationinprocessofjourneyfromtheseminiferoustubules（生精小管）totheampullaoftheoviduct（输卵管）C.Capacitation：获能：1Definition:Itisdefinedasthefinalstepofspermmaturation,consistingprimarilyofchangesintheacrosome(顶体）thatprepareittoreleasetheenzymesrequiredtopenetratethezonapellucida（透明带）.2Position:withinfemalegenitaltract（女性生殖管道）andtorequirecontactwiththesecretionsoftheoviduct.3Spermsurvive:1—3day4Capacityoffertilization:1day5Ovum(卵子):CharacterA.Oogenesis(卵细胞的发生）isdiscontinuousandbeginsduringfetallife.B.Thesecondaryoocyteisarrestedatthesecondmeiotic（减数分裂）metaphase（中期）inovulationC.Coronaradiata（放射冠）andzonapellucida（透明带）accompaniedoocyteD.Oocytesurvive:1dayCapacityoffertilization:12hours（2）受精fertilizationDefinition(定义):Itisaprocessthatthespermatozoon（精子）successfully.penetratestheoocyte（卵母细胞）andformszygote(受精卵）Position(位