关节学总论、中轴骨连结课件.ppt

ChaptertwoArthrologyDepartmentofAnatomyYunyangmedicalcollege关节学总论、中轴骨连结

目的和要求1．了解骨连结的分类。2．掌握关节的基本结构和辅助结构。3．了解关节的运动及分类。4．掌握脊柱的组成、椎骨间的连结、脊柱的整体观及其运动。5．了解肋与脊柱及胸骨的连结。掌握骨性胸廓的组成、胸廓上、下口的围成。6．了解颅骨连结的主要形式，掌握颞下颌关节的组成及运动。关节学总论、中轴骨连结

Section1ThegeneraldescriptionThebonesareconnectedtogetherbymeansoffibrousconnectivetissue,cartilaginous软骨orosseous骨tissuesatdifferentpartsoftheirsurfaces,andsuchaconnectionarecalledthejointorarticulation.Thejointsarefunctionaljunctionsbetweenbones,theycanbeclassifiedintotwomaintypesaccordingtotheirjunctionformviz.,Continuousjoints直接连结andDiscontinuousjoints间接连结.Up关节学总论、中轴骨连结

一、Continuousjoints直接连结（一）Fibrousjoints纤维连结Bonesareunitedbyfibrousconnectivetissue.Syndesmosis韧带连结Suture缝Up关节学总论、中轴骨连结

（二）Cartilaginousjoints软骨连结Bonesareunitedbycartilage.Synchondrosis透明软骨结合Symphysis纤维软骨联合关节学总论、中轴骨连结

（三）Synosteosis骨性结合关节学总论、中轴骨连结

二、Discontinuousjoints间接连结

ArticulationorSynovialjoints（一）Basicstructures1.Articularsurface关节面:coveredbyarticularcartilage.2.Articularcapsule关节囊FibrousmembraneSynovialmembrane3.Articularcavity关节腔:containingatraceofsynovialfluid;subatmosphericpressureinit.Up关节学总论、中轴骨连结

(二)Accessorystructures1.Ligaments韧带:extra-andintracapsularligaments2.Articulardisc关节盘andarticularlabrum关节唇3.Synovialfold滑膜襞andsynovialbursa滑膜囊Up关节学总论、中轴骨连结

(三）Movementsofjoints关节运动1.Translation移动2.Flexionandextension屈和伸3.Adductionandabduction收和展4.Rotation旋转Medialandlateralrotation旋内和旋外Pronationandsupination旋前和旋后Inversionandeversion足内翻和足外翻5.Circumduction环转Up关节学总论、中轴骨连结

(四)Classificationofsynovialjoints

关节的分类(自学）Uniaxialjoints单轴关节Biaxialjoints双轴关节Multiaxialjoints多轴关节Up关节学总论、中轴骨连结

关节学的研究和应用1.关节病的诊断和治疗关节学总论、中轴骨连结

2.人造关节和假肢的研制和开发关节学总论、中轴骨连结

关节学总论、中轴骨连结

关节学总论、中轴骨连结

3.智能机器人的开发和研制关节学总论、中轴骨连结

关节学总论、中轴骨连结

Section2Thejointoftheaxial