部分生活水平章宏观济监测计算机程序中间产品还ch20eyeon.pptx

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部分生活水平章宏观济监测计算机程序中间产品还ch20eyeon.pptx

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PART7GDPandtheStandardofLivingCHAPTER20MONITORINGTHEMACROECONOMY

WhenAmericanAirlinesbuysanewreservationssoftwarepackage,isthatexpenditureanexpenditureonafinalgoodoranintermediategood?Before1999,thenationaleaccountantscountedthepurchaseofsoftwareasexpenditureonanintermediategood—anditwasexcludedfromGDP.Since1999,thenationaleaccountantshaveclassifiedthepurchaseofnewsoftwareasinvestment—andisnowincludedinGDP.IsaComputerProgramanIntermediateGoodoraFinalGood?

Howbigofadealisthis?WhentheBureauofEconomicAnalysis(BEA)recalculatedthe1996GDP,theestimateofGDPin1996increasedby$115billion—alotofmoney.In1996,GDPwas$7,662billion,sotheincreaseof$115billionis1.5percentofGDP.ThisexampleshowshowtheBEAworkstomeasureGDPasaccuratelyaspossible.IsaComputerProgramanIntermediateGoodoraFinalGood?

NominalGDPincreasedeveryyearfrom1995to2005.DeflatingtheGDPBalloonTheincreaseinGDPresultsfromincreasesinrealGDPandincreasesinthepricelevel.

GDPislikeaballoonblownupbyincreasingproduction(realGDP)andrisingprices.DeflatingtheGDPBalloonTheGDPdeflatorletsouttheinflationair—therisingprices—torevealwhathashappenedtorealGDP.

TheHumanDevelopmentIndexThefigureshowstherelationshipbetweenrealGDPperpersonandtheHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI).Eachdotrepresentsacountry.ThesmallAfricacountryofSierraLeonehasthelowestHDIandthesecondlowestrealGDPperperson.

TheHumanDevelopmentIndexTheUnitedStateshasthethirdhighestrealGDPperpersonbuthastheeighthhighestHDI.WhyistheUnitedStatesnotrankedhigherontheHDI?Becausethepeoplewholiveinsevencountrieslivelonger,havebetteraccesstohealthcareandeducationthandoAmericans.