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Chapter5Morphology(形态学,词法学)Internalstructuresofwordsandrulesofwordformation
单击此处可添加副标题单击此处添加大标题内容carefulwonderfulsuccessfulbeautifulwidendeepenshortenfastensharpenImpossible,incorrect,improper,illegal,report,importexporttransportsupportporterrespectinspectexpectsuspectprospectboysgirlstoysbookstablesbottlesworking,thinkingspeaking,cutting,hittingthe,to,for,bird,leg,air,captain.suffixes,prefixes,roots,inflectionalsuffixes,freeroot
Semantically:root(词根)andaffixaffix(词缀):prefix(前缀),suffix(后缀);derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)andinflectionalaffixes(屈折词缀)Structurally:freemorphemes(自由词素,即自由词根)andboundmorphemes(粘着词素)
5.1whatismorphologyMorphologystudiestheinternalstructures(内部结构)ofwordsandwordformationrules.Itdividedintotwofields:inflectionalmorphology(屈折词法)andderivational/lexicalmorphology(派生词法).Itstudiesthedifferentcategoriesofmorphemes(bound,free,derivationalandinflectional)morphologicalrules
5.2morpheme(词素,语素)Morphemeisaminimalmeaningfulgrammaticalunitinalanguage.minimal:smallest,itcannotfurtherbedivided.{un},{bird}butnotblackboard=black+boarddisagree=dis+agreemeaningful:cannotbefurtherdividedwithoutdestroyingitsmeaningcap+tain,man+age==manage
3,grammatical:notonlylexicalmorphemeslike{bird,leg,table},butalsogrammaticalones,like{to,for,-s,ed,-er,theaan}international=inter+nation+altourists=tour+ist+sdisagreements=dis+agree+ment+s
ClassificationofmorphemesFreemorphemes:thosethatcanexistasindividualwords:the,toforcapshoeLexicalmorphemes:nouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs.Openclass,largepartofvocabulary实词Functionalmorphemes:prepositions,conjunctions,articles,pronouns.Closedclass.虚词
Boundmorphemes(粘着词素):thosethatcannotoccuraloneasseparatewords.-ful,-less,re-de,tele-vis-ion,un-happyRoots(词根),themostimportantpartofawordthatcarriestheprincipalmeaning:re
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