2025届上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模考试英语试题.pdf

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2025届上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模考试英语试题

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学校姓名：班级：考号：

一、语法填空

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

PioneersinartificialintelligencewintheNobelPrizeinphysics

The2024NobelPrizeinphysicshasbeenawardedtoJohnHopfieldandGeoffreyHinton.

Theyareknownfortheirfundamentaldiscoveriesinmachinelearning,1pavedtheway

forhowartificialintelligenceisusedtoday.

Machinelearningdiffersfromtraditionalsoftware.Thesoftwarereceivesdata,whichis

processedaccordingtoacleardescription,and2(produce)theresults.Inmachine

learning,thecomputerlearnsbyexample,enablingittotackleproblemsthataretoocomplicated

3(manage)bystep-by-stepinstructions.

HintonandHopfield4(credit)withusingtoolsfromphysicstoadvancebasic

researchinthefield.In1982,Hopfielddevelopedamodelofneural(神经的)networks,today

knownastheHopfieldnetwork,todescribehowthebrainrecallsmemorieswhen5(feed)

partialinformation,similartothemethodyourbrainusestorememberawordonthetipofyour

tongue.

GeoffHintonandcolleaguesfurtherdevelopedtheHopfieldnetwork.Todothat,Hinton

usedstatisticalphysics,basedonanequationinventedbythenineteenthcenturyphysicistLudwig

Boltzmann,creatinga“Boltzmannmachine.”Itcanlearn—notfrominstructions,butfrom6

(give)examples.AtrainedBoltzmannmachinecanrecognizefamiliartraits(特质)ininformation

ithasnotpreviouslyseen.Imaginemeetingafriend’sbrotherorsister,andyoucanimmediately

seethat

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