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《气象学导论》大气演化与组成-英文教学课件(非AI生成).ppt

《气象学导论》大气演化与组成-英文教学课件(非AI生成).ppt

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IntroductiontoMeteorology

EvolutionandCompositionoftheatmosphere1

Inthebeginning…4.5billionyearsago:formationofoursolarsystemfromgasanddust(nebula)generatedfromsupernovaexplosion/question/astronomy/q0247.shtml2

THESOLARSYSTEM3

EarthNeptunePLANETSOFTHESOLARSYSTEM–NOTTOSCALEVenusJupiterMarsMercurySaturnUranusGASPLANETS(ORJOVIALPLANETS)TERRESTRIALPLANETS(ORROCKYPLANETS)4

EarthfirstatmosphereTheoriginalatmospherewasprimarilyhelium(He)andhydrogen(H).Heatfromthestill-moltencrust,thesun,andaprobablyenhancedsolarwind,dissipatedthisatmosphere.Gravityisimportanttokeepanatmosphere.H,Hehavelowmolecularweightandmayhaveachievedtheescapevelocity(thevelocitynecessarytoescapegravity)Otherexplanations:gaseswouldhavebeenremovedbycollisionbetweenthegrowingEarthandotherlargebodies(failedplanets).ThetremendousenergyreleasedmayhaveejectedtheearlyatmosphereThistheoryexplainstheoriginoftheMoonandthetiltingoftheEarthaxisto23o(/Dec98/OriginEarthMoon.html)ArtistimpressionofthegiantimpactthatcreatedtheMoon.Thesizesoftheproto-Earthandtheimpactorarecomparablewiththeresultsofcomputersimulationsfromthe90s.MorerecentsimulationsshowtheEarth-Moonsystemcouldalsohaveresultedfromarelativelysmallerimpactor/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere#Evolution_of_Earth.27s_atmosphere5

Thesecondatmosphere4.4billionyearsago…About4.4billionyearsago,thesurfacehadcooledenoughtoformacrust.Manyvolcanoesreleasedsteam,carbondioxide,andammonia.Thisledtotheearlysecondatmosphere,whichwasprimarilycarbondioxideandwatervapor,withsomenitrogenbutvirtuallynooxygen.Additionalwaterwasimportedbycollisions,probablywithasteroidsejectedfromtheasteroidbeltundertheinfluenceofJupitersgravity.Asitcooledmuchofthecarbondioxidewasdissolvedintheseasandprecipitatedoutascarbonates.Simula

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