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WorkingPaperSeries
GhassaneBenmir,IvanJaccard,Greenassetpricing
GauthierVermandel
RevisedNovember2024
No2477/October2020
Disclaimer:ThispapershouldnotbereportedasrepresentingtheviewsoftheEuropeanCentralBank
(ECB).TheviewsexpressedarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflectthoseoftheECB.
Abstract
Thispaperdemonstratesthatempiricallygroundingthediscountfactorsignifi-
cantlyinfluencesthedeterminationofthecarbonprice.Usingtwocomplementary
nonlinearstatisticalapproaches,weassesswhichutilityformulationsandcorre-
spondingstochasticdiscountfactorsbestalignwithU.S.data.Weprovideevidence
thathabitformationisessentialforcapturingthetimevariationinthestochastic
discountfactornecessarytomatchthedata.Thisincreasedtimevariationraises
thecarbonpriceby32%andmakesitfivetimesmoreprocyclicalcomparedto
standardmodels.Theheightenedprocyclicalityreducesaggregaterisk,therisk
premium,andtheneedforprecautionarysavings.
Keywords:ClimateChange,OptimalPolicy,StochasticDiscountFactor,Eq-
uityPremiumPuzzle.
JEL:Q58,G12,E32.
ECBWorkingPaperSeriesNo24771
Non-technicalsummary
Thispaperinvestigateshowfinance,particularlythroughrealisticdiscountrates,
impactstheoptimalpriceofcarbon.The“socialcostofcarbon”(SCC)representsthe
presentvalueofthedamagecausedbyoneadditionaltonofcarbondioxideemittedtoday.
Thismeasurei
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