细菌的特殊结构王利沙Theuniquestructureofbacteria讲解.pptx

细菌的特殊结构主讲老师：王利沙TheuniquestructureofbacteriaWeifangNursingVocationalCollege潍坊护理职业学院

细菌的特殊结构Theuniquestructureofbacteria荚膜Capsule鞭毛Flagella菌毛Pili芽胞Spore

荚膜Capsule黏液性物质Mucoussubstance用一般染色法不易着色，在显微镜下只能看到菌体周围有一层未着色的透明圈。Thegeneralstainingmethodisnoteasytostain,andunderthemicroscope,onlyanuncoloredtransparentcirclecanbeseenaroundthebacterialcells.用特殊染色法可将荚膜染成与菌体不同的颜色。Specialstainingmethodscanbeusedtostainthecapsuleinacolordifferentfromthatofthebacterialcells.多糖或多肽Polysaccharidesorpeptides

功能Function抗吞噬作用Anti-phagocytosis抗损伤作用Antidamageeffect黏附作用Adhesioneffect免疫原性Immunogenicity

鞭毛Flagella菌体表面附着的细长呈波状弯曲的丝状物Theslenderandwavyfilamentsattachedtothesurfaceofbacterialcells.经特殊的鞭毛染色在普通显微镜下可见Visibleunderaregularmicroscopethroughspecialflagellarstaining.

单毛菌Monotrichomonas双毛菌Shuangmaofungus丛毛菌Lophotrichate周毛菌Lophotrichate数量与部位Quantityandlocation

功能Function运动器官Motororgan致病性pathogenicity鉴别细菌Identifybacteria

菌毛Pili某些细菌菌体表面存在着一种比鞭毛细、短且直的丝状物。Somebacterialcellshaveafilamentousstructureontheirsurfacethatisshorterandstraighterthanwhipcapillaries.只能在电镜下观察到。Itcanonlybeobservedunderanelectronmicroscope.

种类Species多、短、细普通菌毛少、粗、长性菌毛

功能Function普通菌毛Ordinarypili黏附作用，与致病性有关。Adhesiveeffect.Relatedtopathogenicity.性菌毛Sexualpili传递遗传物质（质粒）Transmittinggeneticmaterial(plasmids)

芽胞Spore某些细菌在一定条件下，细胞质脱水浓缩，在菌体中形成一个圆形或椭圆形的休眠结构。Undercertainconditions,certainbacteriadehydrateandconcentratetheircytoplasm,formingacircularorellipticaldormantstructurewithinthebacterialbody.经特殊的染色在普通显微镜下可见。Visibleunderaregularmicroscopethroughspecialstaining.破伤风梭菌梭状芽胞杆菌

细菌形成芽胞释放芽胞芽胞芽孢萌发环境不利环境有利芽胞是细菌的休眠体。Sporesaredormantbodiesofbacteria.1个细菌→1个芽胞→1个细菌1bacterium→1spore→1bacterium

功能Function抵抗不良环境PResistadverseenvironments鉴别细菌Identifybacteria高压蒸汽灭菌法Highpressuresteamsterilizationmethod.判断灭菌效果的指标Theindicatorsforjudgingthesterilizationeff