高一英语初高中衔接专题十定语从句的考点集汇讲解和训练.doc

专题十：定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.

2.作宾语：

SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.

3.作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

4.作状语

I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？

MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehase.

3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可