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ThePalaceMuseum
Establishedin1925,thePalaceMuseumislocatedintheimperialpalaceoftheconsecutiveMing(1368-1644)andQing(1644-1911)dynasties.Themagnificentarchitecturalcomplex,alsoknownastheForbiddenCity,andthevastholdingsofpaintings,calligraphy,ceramics,andantiquitiesoftheimperialcollectionsmakeitoneofthemostprestigiousmuseumsinChinaandtheworld.In1961,theStateCouncildesignatedtheformerimperialresidenceasoneofChinasforemost-protectedculturalheritagesites,andin1987itwaslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.
SituatedintheheartofBeijing,thePalaceMuseumisapproachedthroughtheGateofHeavenlyPeace(Tiananmen).ImmediatelytothenorthofthePalaceMuseumisProspectHill(alsocalledCoalHill),whileontheeastandwestaretheWangfujingandZhongnanhaineighborhoods.AncientChina’sastronomersendowedthelocationwithcosmicsignificance.Theycorrelatedtheemperorsabode,whichtheyconsideredthepivotoftheterrestrialworld,withthePoleStar(Ziweiyuan)—believedtobethecenteroftheheavens.Becauseofitscentralityandrestrictedaccess,thepalacewascalledtheForbiddenCity.Itwasbuiltfrom1406to1420bythethirdemperoroftheMingdynasty,theYongleEmperor(r.1403-1420)who,uponusurpingthethrone,determinedtomovehiscapitalnorthwardfromNanjingtoBeijing.Over200yearslater,theMingdynastyfelltotheManchuQingdynastyin1644.Then,in1911,theQingweresubsequentlyoverthrownbyrepublicanrevolutionaries.Thelastemperor,Puyi(whoruledfrom1909to1911underthereignnameXuantong),continuedtoliveinthepalaceafterhisabdicationuntilhewasexpelledin1924.Duringnearlysixhundredyearsofimperialoperation,thepalaceservedastheresidenceandcourtoftwenty-fouremperors.
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