正式文体与非正式文体.pptVIP

INFORMAL:Hespokeconfidently.1FORMAI:Hespokeinaconfident2manner.3FORMAL:Hespokewithconfidence.4(四)在表达“原因”、“后果”等概念时，正式文体常用onaccountof,accordingly,thus,hence,consequently,owingto(thefactthat)等词或词组，且比较经常地运用分词短语、独立主格结构等;非正式文体则常用so，because或其它形式的表示原因的从句。试比较:INFORMAL:Sincetheweatherhad1improved,wedecidedtogo2swimming.3FORMAL:Theweatherhavingimproved,4wedecidedtogoswimming.5INFORMAL:Ashewasamanaffixed6views,herefusedtolistento7ourarguments.8FORMAL:Beingamanaffixedviews,he9refusedtolistentoourarguments.10在构成表示目的的状语时，用soasto一般具有非正式文体色彩;用inorderto则显得正式些;而用inorderthat…引导的目的状语从句则常出现于正式文体中:INFORMAL:Heleftearlysoasnottomissthetrain.FORMAL:Heleftearlyinordernottomissthetrain.FORMAL:Heleftearlyinorderthathewouldnotmissthetrain.321456在构成问句时，正式文体常用完整的形式;非正式文体则可用省略形式，也可用陈述句形式(这时需借用语调或标点符号);以疑问代词主格开头的问句多见于正式文体，以疑问代词宾格开头的问句多见于非正式文体;问句中的介词置于句首时是正式文体，置于句末时是非正式文体。如:FORMAL:Whenareyougoingtodoit?1INFORMAL:When?2FORMAL:Whomareyoutalkingabout?3INFORMAL:Whoareyoutalkingabout?4FORMAL:Withwhatdidyouwriteit?5INFORMAL:Whatdidyouwriteitwith?6(七)在表示虚拟语气时，正式文体与非正式文体的差异十分明显。试比较:INFORMAL:Ifhewasmyfriend,Iwouldaskhimforhelp.FORMAL:Ifheweremyfriend,Iwouldaskhimforhelp.INFORMAL:Ifitwastoraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.FORMAL:Ifitweretoraintomorrow,Ishouldnotgothere.INFORMAL:IwishIwastenyearsyounger.FORMAL:IwishIweretenyearsyounger.INFORMAL:IfIhadknown,Iwouldhavetoldyouearlier.FORMAL:HadIknownbefore,Iwouldhavetoldyouearlier.INFORMAL:Helooksasifhewas(is)ill.FORMAL:Helooksasifhewereill.由引导词it起始的句子(如itissaidthat…)多见于正式文体;不用这一结构而表达同一意义的句子多见于非正式文体:INFFORMAL:Thenumberofbooksinthel