2025年上海徐汇区高三期末一模高考英语试卷（含答案详解）.pdfVIP

2024学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷

高三英语试卷

(考试时间105分钟满分115分)2024.12Ⅰ．Grammarandvocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

PioneersinartificialintelligencewintheNobelPrizeinphysics

The2024NobelPrizeinphysicshasbeenawardedtoJohnHopfieldandGeoffreyHinton.

Theyareknownfortheirfundamentaldiscoveriesinmachinelearning,1pavedtheway

forhowartificialintelligenceisusedtoday.

Machinelearningdiffersfromtraditionalsoftware.Thesoftwarereceivesdata,whichis

processedaccordingtoacleardescription,and2(produce)theresults.Inmachine

learning,thecomputerlearnsbyexample,enablingittotackleproblemsthataretoocomplicated

3(manage)bystep-by-stepinstructions.

HintonandHopfield4(credit)withusingtoolsfromphysicstoadvancebasic

researchinthefield.In1982,Hopfielddevelopedamodelofneural(神经的)networks,today

knownastheHopfieldnetwork,todescribehowthebrainrecallsmemorieswhen5(feed)

partialinformation,similartothemethodyourbrainusestorememberawordonthetipofyour

tongue.

GeoffHintonandcolleaguesfurtherdevelopedtheHopfieldnetwork.Todothat,Hinton

usedstatisticalphysics,basedonanequationinventedbythenineteenthcenturyphysicistLudwig

Boltzmann,creatinga“Boltzmannmachine.”Itcanlearn—notfrominstructions,butfrom6

(give)examples.AtrainedBoltzmannmachinecanrecognizefamiliartraits(特质)ininformation

ithasnotpreviouslyseen.Imaginemeetingafriend’sbrotherorsister,andyoucanimmediately

seethatthey7berelated.Inasimilarway,theBoltzmannmachinecanrecognizean

entirelynewexample8itbelongstoacategoryfoundinthetrainingmaterial.

Hintonhasalsourgedc