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Lesson9Againstallodds

ThistextisadaptedfromthebiographyofStephenHawking—StephenHawking:AlifeinScience,2ndedition,writtenbyMichaelWhiteandJohnGribbin,publishedin1998.

StephenWilliamHawkingwasbornon8January1942(300yearsafterthedeathofGalileo)inOxford,England.

ProfessorStephenWHawking,Evenashesitshelplessinhiswheelchair,hismindseemstosoarevermorebrilliantlyacrossthevastnessofspaceandtimetounlockthesecretsoftheuniverse.1Time2Brilliantbook!3NickDonaldson,BitWranglerExtraordinaire!.4

AtelevenStephenwenttoStAlbansSchool,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfathersoldcollege.StephenwantedtodoMathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhavepreferredmedicine.MathematicswasnotavailableatUniversityCollege,sohedidPhysicsinstead.AfterthreeyearsandnotverymuchworkhewasawardedafirstclasshonorsdegreeinNaturalScience.0102

HawkingStephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchinCosmology,therebeingno-oneworkinginthatareainOxfordatthetime.AftergaininghisPh.D.hebecamefirstaResearchFellow,andlateronaProfessorialFellowatGonvilleandCaiusCollege.

StephenHawkinghasworkedonthebasiclawswhichgoverntheuniverse.HeshowedthatEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityimpliedspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangandanendinblackholes.TheseresultsindicateditwasnecessarytounifyGeneralRelativitywithQuantumTheory.Oneconsequenceofsuchaunificationthathediscoveredwasthatblackholesshouldnotbecompletelyblack,butshouldemitradiationandeventuallyevaporateanddisappear.Anotherconjectureisthattheuniversehasnoedgeorboundaryinimaginarytime.Thiswouldimplythatthewaytheuniversebeganwascompletelydeterminedbythelawsofscience.

HismainpublicationsABriefHistoryofTime300YearsofGravityBlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOther