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类型成分

todo不定式

doing动名词

doing/done分词

主

√

√

Tostudyismyduty.

Itisourdutytostudy.

Runningismyhobby.

*Itisnouse/gooddoingsth(形式主语)

*Thereisnoknowingsth/nopointindoingsth

宾

√

√

offer/intend/manage…todo

considerithardtolearnEnglish

*wehavenochoicebuttowait.

*Wecandonothingbutwait.

stand,avoid,appreciate,escape,imagine…doing

vt+it+adj+doingsth(形式宾语)

*getdownto/beusedto/dovote…todoing

*prevent…fromdoing/beingdone

*forget/remember/mean/try/regret+todo/doing

表

√

√

√ed/ing

Mydutyistostudy.

Whatwecandoiswait.

Myhobbyisrunning

Surprised/surprising

定

√

√功能，用途

√

动作未发生

解释抽象名词内容

序数词、最高级

1Ihavesomethingtodo./haveabenchtositon.

2Theyhavetherighttovote.

3Heisthefirsttoleave.

swimmingpool

*区别：swimmingpool

swimmingman

doing*clonedbaby

tobedone*retiredman

N+beingdone*fallingtree

done*fallentree

thebridgetobebuiltnextweek

thebridgebeingbuiltnow

thebridgebuiltalready

状

√目的，结果，方式

√原因，时间，条件，结果，伴随，让步…

目的：to,inorderto,soasto,

结果：so…asto,such…asto,onlytodo,enoughto,too…to

方式：Heishardtogetalongwith.

=Itishardtogetalongwithhim.

口诀：doing,havingdonedone,havingbeendone

逻辑主语相同扔（不同保留主格）

*onlytodo/thusdoing结果不同

*alettersaying(表示内容)

补（后详）

√

√

表达形式

todo

tobedoing

tohavedone

tobedone

tohavebeendone

doing

havingdone

beingdone

havingbeendone

否定

nottodo

notdoing

notdoing/done

逻辑主语

of/forsbtodo

my/medoing

Idoing/done

of/forsbnottodo

my/menotdoing

Inotdoing/done

其他

省略I’dloveto

连词+doing/done属省略情况

疑问词+todo(除why,if)

补语：

do(主动)todo

1make+O+Cbemade+C

done（被动）done

do（主动，经常或已完成）