下内科英文复习题.pdfVIP

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Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease:

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)，是一种具有气流受限特征的可以预防和治疗的疾

病，气流受限不完全可逆、进行性发展，与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体或有害颗

ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease(COPD)isapreventableand

treatablediseasewithsomesignificantextrapulmonaryeffectsthat

maycontributetotheseverityinindividualpatients.Itspulmonary

componentischaracterizedbyairflowlimitationthatisnotfully

reversible.Theairflowlimitationisusuallyprogressiveand

associatedwithanabnormalinflammatoryresponseofthelungto

noxiousparticlesorgases.

Horner综合征:

肺尖部肺癌又称肺上钩瘤(Pancoast瘤)，易颈部交感神经，引起病侧眼睑

下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷，同侧额部和胸壁少汗或无汗。

Horner’ssyndrome:

Horner’ssyndromeiscausedbysuperiorsulcustumorsthatinvadethe

inferiorcervicalganglion,symptomsincludeenophthalmos(sinkingof

theeyeballintoitscavity),ptosis(droopyuppereyelid),miosis

(abnormalcontractionofthepupil),anhidrosis(absenceoffacial

sweat).

Respiratoryfailure

RespiratoryfailureisafailureoftheprocessofdeliveringO2to

thetissuesand/orremovingCO2fromthetissues.Thediagnosiscanbe

confirmedbyarterialbloodgasanalysis.WhenthelevelofO2partial

pressure(PaO2)islessthan60mmHg,withoutPCO2reduction,itis

calledrespiratoryfailuretypeI.WhenthelevelofCO2partial

pressure(PaCO2)ismorethan50mmHg,itiscalledrespiratoryfailure

typeII.

Sleepapneahypopneasyndrome:

Sleepapneahypopneasyndromeisdefinedasrepeatedepisodesof

cessationofairflowwithsleepbeinggreaterthan30timespernight,

ordefinedwithApnea-HypopneaIndex(AHI)beinggreaterthan5

hepatopulmonarysyndrome:

hepatopulmonarysyndromeisasyndromeofshortnessofbreathand

hypoxemiacausedbyvasodilationinthelun