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Lecture6Drugcommercialization
procurementcopayrebateformularyportfolio
tendersubsidiaryreimbursementblockbusterrevenue
TFTF
FTTF
PepsiCo.manufacturesthesodaandsendsittoaretailer,whosellsittoacustomer.ThecustomerpaystheretailerandtheretailerpaysPepsiCo.developadrugandsetapriceknownasthelistpricetransportthedrugsandsellthemtothepharmaciespaysthecopaysendsoutabillthatgetspaidbytheinsurancecompany
workforinsurancecompanies,bigemployersandgovernmentagencies.Andabigpartoftheirjobistobringdownthecostofdrugsfortheiremployersnegotiatingwithpharmaceuticalcompaniesforrebates.ThePBMssometimespocketaportionandpassesanotherportionontotheinsurancecompanyoremployerthattheinsurancecompanycovers,andit’sgroupedintiersrepresentswhatportionofthelistpricethepatientpaysandwhatportionofthelistpricetheinsurancecompanypaysahighertierintheformularymeansalowercopayforthepatientandhighersalesforthepharmaceuticalcompany
marketaccesscompetitiveadvocacy
saturatedmarketlaunchbrandnamedifferentiationmodificationrepositionedlifecyclemanagement
1.Whydoweneedhealtheconomicevaluations?Wecanuseeffectiveandworthwhilehealthinterventionsorprogramstoimprovethehealthofapopulation.Evaluationsanddecisionsontheseinterventionshavetobemadetoensurethelimitedamountofmoneyisspenttoachievethemostbenefit.
2.Whataredirectcostsandindirectcosts?Pleasegivesomeexamples.Directcostsarecoststhataredirectlyassociatedwithintervention.Forexample,thecostofmedicinesandthecostofequipmentlikeX-raymachines.Indirectcostsarecostsassociatedwithreducedproductivityduetotheillnessoritstreatment.Anexampleismissedwagesbecauseofnotworkingduetotheillness.
3.Whatisacostminimizationanalysis?Thistypeofanalysisisusedwhentheproductoroutcomeisthesame.
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