03.阅读理解之主旨大意题.pptx

主旨大意题;【常考题型】;【真题示例】

【题型1】段落大意题

【典例展示】 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·D篇节选)

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.;32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.

B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.

D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.;【策略分析】;第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第一段引出了“群体智慧”效应,并解释什么是“群体智慧”效应,即大量人独立做估计,如果把这些独立估计平均起来,得到的平均数还是很准确的。紧接着,第二段分析为什么会这样,原因是有些人会高估,有些人会低估,如果足够多的高估和低估做一下平均,高估和低估引起的误差就会相互抵消,而最终导致一个比较准确的结果。第二段的内容其实是“群体智慧”效应运作的一个深层次的逻辑,故选_______。?;【要点提示】

解题时,考生很容易误选A项。文章第二段中多次提到有关“估计”的概念,有的是“高估”,有的是“低估”,还有“精确估计”等,其目的是分析“估计的准确性”,可见本段并不是介绍方法,故排除A项。;【题型2】文章大意题

【典例展示】 (2023·浙江高考·B篇)

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.?

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.;Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbe