英语语音学和音位学.pptVIP

语音学＆音位学主讲：卢生

PHONETICSWhatisthePhonetics?Phoneticsstudiesspeechsounds,includingtheproductionofspeech,thatishowspeechsoundsareactuallymade,transmittedandreceived,thediscriptionandclassificationofspeechsounds,wordsandconnectedspeech,etc.

ARTICULATORYPHONETICS(发音语言学)isstudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.01PERCEPTUALorAUDITORYPHONETICS(感知，听觉语言学)isconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.03ACOUSTICPHONETICS(声学语言学)isthephysicalpropertiesofthespeechsounds.02Threemainareas

TheorgansofspeechNasalcavity------鼻腔Mouthcavity------口腔Tongue------舌Lips------唇Teeth------齿Theteethridge-------齿龈Thehardpalate------硬腭Thesoftpalate------软腭uvula------小舌Pharynx------咽头Larynx------喉头Thevocalcords------声带Windpipe------气管

咽口鼻构成(pharynx,mouth,nose)声道中的三大声腔(vocaltract)。发音以气流（airstream）作为能量来源。器官的顶端是喉，喉部有声带（vocalband）

分离：声带分离，气流通过，清音或不带声音（voiceless）即辅音【pst】01贴近：声带贴近，气流振动，带声音(voiced)，浊音[bzd]即为带声辅音。02紧闭：声带紧闭，气流无法通过，即为声门塞音03声带的三种状态

TheclassificationofSpeechsoundsTheorgansofspeecharecapableofmakingmanydifferentkindsofspeechsounds.Fromthepracticalstandpoint,speechsoundsaregenerallydividedintoVowelsandConsonants.

Vowelsaresoundsproducedwithoutobstructionoftheairstreaminthemouth.Inproducingthemthereisvibrationofthevocalcords,soallvowelsarevoiced.1InEnglishtherearetwentyvowelsinall.2Consonantsaresoundsproducedbysomeformofobstructionoftheairpassageandbeeithervoicedorvoiceless.3Therearetwenty-eightconsonantsinEnglish.4元音和辅音

塞音（或爆破音）STOPorPLOSIVE发音方式，指完成发音过程的方法.鼻音（NASAL）【mn】擦音（FRICATIVE）【fvz?h】近音（APPROXIMANT）【wj】边音（LATERAL）【l】【pbtdkg】辅音

颤音（TRILL）【r】触音（TAP）【tdn】city塞擦音（AFFRICATE）【tsdztrdr】church【t?】12

齿龈音（ALVEOLAR）【tdnsrl】唇齿音（LABIODENTAL）如fire中【f】在国际音标中区分了11个发音部位。齿龈后音（POSTALVEOLAR）【??】齿音（DENTAL）【θe】发音部位指辅音的发音位置，辅音可以产生于唇与声带间的任何部位。双唇音（BILABIAL）【pbm】pet，bet

01卷舌音（RETROFLEX）02硬腭音（PALATAL）yesyet中的【j】