营养食品卫生-碳水化合物能量.pptx

Carbohydrates

Energy

2carbohydratesCH2O1saccharides

3classification1.saccharide（1）monosaccharides:2-7C乙糖、丙糖、丁糖、戊糖、已糖*、庚糖1）glucose2）frucose3）galactose4）othersaccharide：ribose，deoxyribose

4（2）disaccharides1）sucrose：glucose+frucose，?-bond2）lactose：glucose+galactose3）maltose：glucose+glucose，?-bond

5(3)糖醇polyol山梨醇sorbitol甘露醇mannitol木糖醇xylitol

6SweetnessSucrose100Frucose170Glucose70Maltose40Lactose20sorbitol山梨醇65?

72.oligosaccharides3~10monosaccharides，?-bond棉子糖（raffinose）：glucose+frucose+galactose水苏糖（stachyose）：raffinose+galactose。。。。“益生元（prebiotics）”

83.polysaccharides：10glucoses(1)digestiblepolysaccharides：?1-4bond，?1-6①starch:plantstarch直链淀粉（amylose）：I--blue，老化支链淀粉（amylopectin）：I--brown，糊化、粘稠②dextrins③glycogen：animalstarch

9(2)indigestiblepolysaccharides1)resistantstarch,RSRS1：被包裹，全谷粒、种子、豆粒粒RS2：生淀粉RS3：变性淀粉2)dietaryfiber:?-bond

10dietaryfiberwater-insolubledietary?：1）cellulose：植物细胞壁主要成分粗纤维，葡萄糖β-1，4糖苷键聚合微生物不发酵，?粪体积2）hemicellulose：谷类纤维主要成分?胃肠蠕动3）木质素（lignin）：苯丙烷聚合体，木质化

11water-soluble?dietary?fiber：?胃肠排空时间，减缓葡萄糖吸收，?血脂1）pectin：半乳糖醛酸多聚体?甲醇、果胶酸增稠剂2）树胶（gum）、粘胶（mucilage）稳定剂3）somehemicellulose

12Functionofcarbohydrate1.Digestiblecarbohydraye1)energy：16.7kJ（4kcal）/g2)Compositionofbody3)sparingproteinaction4)antiketogenesis5)liver?protection

13Functionofdietaryfiber1、preventingconstipation2、improvingintestinalflora3、regulatingbloodsugar,preventinghyperlipidemia4、preventingoverweightandobesity5、preventingcolontumoradverseeffect：interferingwithabsorptionofnutrientsCa、Fe、Zn?

14Digestionandabsorptionofcarbohydratesaliva:α-amylaseSmallintestine：amylopsinstarch?dextrin??maltoseIntestinalmucousepithelialcell：maltase,sucrase,lactaselactoseintoleranceWater-solubledietaryfibe