英语语法Lecture 23-25 形容词、副词及比较结构.pptx

AdjectiveAdjective

Phrase

AdverbAdverbPhrase

Comparison

ComparativeConstructions

AdjectiveAdjectivePhrase

23.1Classification

·1.单词形容词和复合形容词：

·形容词，就词的构成来说，分为单词

形容词(one-wordadjective)和复合

形容词(compoundadjective).

·2.中心形容词和外围形容词：

·形容词，就其句法功能(syntacticfunction)来说，

分为中心形容词(centraladjective)和外围形容

词(peripheraladjective)

·中心形容词(centraladjective)如：

·Greenapplesaresour.(modifierinanounphrase)

·Pillar-boxesaregreen.(subjectcomplement)

·Theyhavepaintedthewindowsgreen.(object

complement)

·外围形容词(peripheraladjective)如：

·Thisisutternonsense.(onlyasapremodifier)

·Thischildisasleep.(onlyascomplement)

·3.动态形容词和静态形容词：

·形容词，按词汇意义(semantically),分为动态形容

词(dynamicadjective)和静态形容词(static

adjective)

·动态形容词(dynamicadjective)如：abusive,

ambitious,awkward,brave,calm,careful,dull,

enthusiastic,extravagant,faithful,reasonable,rude,

thoughtful,troublesome,vain,vicious,wicked,witty等。

1)gowiththeprogressiveaspectoftheverbbe,

2)co-occurwithimperativebe

3)appliedtocausativeconstruction

·静态形容词(staticadjective)如：tall,short,big,

small,ugly,beautiful,shallow,deep,blue,white等。

·4.等级形容词和非等级形容词：

·就语态学/词法(morphology)来说，形容词还

可分为等级形容词(gradableadjective)和非

等级形容词(Non-gradableadjective).

·等级形容词(gradableadjective)如：

●tall---taller---tallest

●beautiful---morebeautiful---mostbeautiful

·非等级形容词(Non-gradableadjective)如：

atomicscientist,hydrochloricacid,Frenchfood,

Chinesecarpet

·又如：perfect,excellent,extreme等。

23.2Adjectiveand-ing/-ed

participle

1.Adjectivesderivedfrom-ingparticiple

·canbemodifiedbyvery;

·haveformsofcomparativeandsuperlativedegrees;

·andmaybeusedascomplementinasentence

·canbemadenegativebyaddingtheprefixun-

·由-ing分词转化来的形容词常见的有：absorbing,

alarming,amusing,annoying,boring,challenging,changing,

charming,comforting,