林业科学英语Unit 6 Lecture 4.pptx

Unit6ForestProtection

Lecture4ResearchTask—QuotationDocumentation

borrowideas,statistics,andpreviousresearchfindingstostrengthenourownideastoexplainourownargumentstosupportourownevidence.

provideabasisforourargumentsfitourresearchintoalargerpicture

QuotationQuotationsrefertothewordsorsentencesfromanotherinformationsourceusedwithinanacademicpaper.Quotationsmaybeeitherdirect(verbatim)orindirect(paraphrased).

QuotationAdirectquotationisexactlythesameastheoriginalmaterialandmustbeputinquotationmarks.

Whentouseadirectquotation?Whentheoriginalwordingexpressestheideasopreciselyandsuccinctlythatyoucannotimproveonit;Whenthequotationcomesfromanauthorityinaparticularfieldandcanstrengthenyourarguments;Whenyouneedtoborrowaspecialtermorexpressionthatisaparticularauthor’sinventionandcarriesspecialmeaningWhenyouneedtheoriginalwordingforfurtherdiscussion.

formatofadirectquotationrun-inquotationfewerthanfourtypedlinesorabout40wordsrunintothetextindoublequotationmarks

set-offquotationmorethanfourtypedlinesinanindentedblock-styleparagraphinitalicsindoublequotationmarksformatofadirectquotation

QuotationAnindirectquotationparaphrasesandsummarizestheopinionthatyougetfromthesourcesinadifferentandusuallysimpleway.

Whentouseanindirectquotation?Elaboratingtheoriginalideaforbetterunderstanding;Emphasizingdifferentaspectsoftheoriginalmaterial;Modifyingthetoneandstyleoftheoriginalmaterialtofitintothecontextofyourpaper.

formatofanindirectquotation1.Noquotationmarks;2.Usethreespacedperiods“...”toshowomissions;3.Usesquarebracket“[]”foryourownwordswithinthequotation;4.Donotoverquote,thatisnomorethan30%.

Documentation Documentationistheinformationinanacademicpaperthattellswhatsourcesweusedandwherewetoo