能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit1 TB.docx

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能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit1 TB.docx

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Unit1

EnergyandDailyLife

Viewingandspeaking

Viewing

1-5:FTFFT

ferns,plantsandtrees

organisms

decompose

agaseousform

electricityproduction

plastics

industrialization

humanhealth

alternative

sustainable

Transcript

Fossilfuelisatermusedtodescribeagroupofenergysources.Theywereformedfromancientplantsandorganismsduringthecarboniferousperiod(石炭纪)—approximately360to286millionyearsago—evenbeforetheageofdinosaurs.Atthattimethelandwascoveredwithswampsfilledwithorganismsandplants.Astheydiedtheysanktothebottomoftheswampsandoceans,andovermillionsofyearsstarteddecomposingunderlayersofsand,clay,andotherminerals.Differenttypesoffossilfuelsformeddependingonthecombinationoforganicmatter,temperature,timeandpressureconditionswhiledecomposing.

Therearethreemajortypesoffossilfuels:coal,oil,andnaturalgas.Coalwasformedfromferns,plantsandtreeswhichhardenedduetopressureandheat.Oilwasformedfromsmallorganismslikezooplankton(浮游动物)andalgae(藻类),forpressurecausedthemorecomplexorganicmattertodecompose.Naturalgaswasformedbythesameprocessasoil,(but)onlywasexposedtomoreheatandpressure,causingittofurtherdecomposeandturnintoagaseous(气态)form.

Fossilfuelsaresought-afterenergysourcesbecausetheyhaveahighenergydensity.Theyaretheworld’sdominantenergysource.Fossilfuelshaveavarietyofapplicationsfromelectricityproductiontotransportfuels.Theycanalsobeusedtomakeavarietyofcommonproductsfromplastics,tocosmetics,toevensomemedicines.Theseresourceshavepoweredindustrializationoverhistoryandcontinuetodosotoday.

Fossilfuelscanbeanabundantandcheap,orinsomecases,ascarceandexpensiveformofenergy,dependingongeographiclocation.Forthisreason,geopoliticalissuesariseduetoscarcitycausedbythenaturalgeographicallocationoftheseh