英语构词法完整.ppt

WordFormation☆Structurally,blendingfallsintofourmajorcategories:1)head+tail（第一个词的首部和第二个词的尾部）botel(boat+hotel);autocide(automobile+suicide)2)head+head（保留两个词的首部）psywar(psychological+warfare);Amerind(American+Indian)3)head+word（保留第一个词的首部和第二个词的原形）helipad(helicopter+pad);medicaid(medical+aid)WordFormation4)word+tail（保留第一个词的原形和第二个词的尾部）workfare(work+welfare);bookmobile(book+automobile)☆Stylistically,blendingfallsintothreemajorcategories:1)Slangortemporarywords:usedinblending---humoroussmog,motelmangy(mean+stingy),etc.2)Technicaltermsbiorhythm(biologicalrhythm生理节奏),glassphalt(glass+asphalt作铺路用的玻璃颗粒物),etc.3)TermsfornewspaperorjournalsAlongNixonbacker,heassumesadawkstanceontheproblem.作为长期以来一贯支持尼克松的人物，他在越南问题上持半“鸽”半“鹰”的中间立场。(dawk=dove+hawk)WordFormationCompounding(orposition)istheformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorebases.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalledpounds.Soapoundisa“lexicalunitconsistingofmorethanonebaseandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyasasingleword”(Quirketal,1985).Compoundscanbewrittensolid(silkman),hyphenated(honey-bee)andopen(teargas).WordFormation(1)Characteristicsofpounds☆Phonologicalfeatures1)Compounds’wordstressusuallyoccursonthefirstconstituentwhereasinnounphrasesthesecondelementisgenerallyaccented,asillustratedbelow:CompoundsFreephrasesafatheadafatheadahothouseahothouseablackhorseablackhorseagreenroomagreenroomButthisisnotabsolute.Sometimes,theprimarystressmayalsofallonthesecondconstituentasinash-blonde,bottle-green,etc.SemanticfeaturesApoundwordisasinglesemanticunit(i.e.onewordness)thoughitmaybe