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GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland12021/5/27
Chapter3
Governmentand
theCommonwealthTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况2021/5/27
PoliticalPartiesConstitutionGovernmentElectionTheCommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENT
ConstitutionIGreatBritain(UK)isaparliamentarydemocracywithaconstitutionalmonarch
kingorqueen:theheadofstate,symbolicpower
BritishConstitutionismadeupof:StatutoryLaw(成文法，制定法)CommonLaw(判例法，普通法)Conventions(习惯法，衡平法)ConstitutionI
1.1StatutoryLawpassedbyParliamentexampletheMagnaCarta(1215)theBillofRights(1689)theReformAct(1832)theEuropeanCommunitiesAct(1972)theEuropeanCommunities(Amendment)Act(1986)Constitution
1.2Commonlawdeducedfromcustomorlegalprecedentsandinterpretedincourtcasesbyjudges1.3Conventionsrulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegally,butareregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernment1.Constitution
DivisionofpowerLegislature立法机关Executive行政部门Judiciary司法部门1.Constitution
GovernmentII2.1TheLegislature2.2TheExecutive2.3TheJudiciary
2.1TheLegislatureBasicStructureofUKCentralGovernmentMonarch(non-political)Legislature—ParliamentExecutiveJudiciary(non-political)HouseofCommons(political)HouseofLords(semi-political)PrimeMinisterCabinet(political)MinistersCivilservice(non-political)HouseofLordsCourtofAppeal
2.1.1ParliamentParliamentthelaw-makingbodyofBritainoneoftheoldestrepresentativeassembliesintheworldStrictlyspeaking,theparliamentconsistsoftheKingorQueen,theHouseofLords(上议院),theHouseofCommons(下议院)
QueenElizabethIIBorn:April21,1926QueensinceJune2,1953QueenElizabethIIisa“constitutionalmonarch”Althoughsheisofficiallytheheadofstate,thecountryi
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