英语专业本科词汇学教师ppt课件cha课件.pptVIP

MorphologicalStructureofEnglishWords

MorphemesMorpheme:thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.friend/friendly/friendlinessMorph:thesmallestsequenceofphonologicalunitsintowhichwordsaredividedinananalysisofmorphemes.friend/frend/,friendly/frend/+/li/,friendliness/frend/+/li/+/nis/Allomorphs:anyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.books/s/,bags/z/,matches/iz/worked/t/,tried/d/,wanted/id/

ClassificationofMorphemesFreemorphemesandboundmorphemes:Freemorpheme:morphemethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.Boundmorpheme:Aboundmorphemecannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutterance;itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorbound.

Rootsandaffixes:Roots:Arootisthebasicunchangeablepartofaword,anditconveysthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.Freeroots:Boundroots:tainasincontain,detain,retaindictasinpredict,contradict123456

Affixes:Affixisacollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.Inflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes:Inflectionalaffixes:Inflectionalaffixesservetoexpresssuchmeaningsasplurality,tense,andthecomparativeorsuperlativedegree.Itdoesnotformanewwordwithnewlexicalmeaningwhenitisaddedtoanotherword.Nordoesitchangetheword-classofthewordtowhichitisaffixed.Inflectionalaffixesinclude:thepluralmarker(s,es,en,etc.)thegenitivecase(’s)theverbalendings(s,ing,ed,etc.)thecomparativeandthesuperlativedegrees(er,est)

Derivationalaffixeshavenotonlyindependentlexicalmeaningbutalsoaffectivemeaning,e.g.mis-,mal-,pseudo-,etc.06Manyderivationalaffixeshaveaspecificlexicalmeaning,e.g.mono-,inter-,anti-,etc.04Derivationalaffixes:01Features:03Quiteanumberofderivationalaffixeshavemorethanonemeaning,e.g.over-(overhead,