hubbard01_instructorppt10精选课件精选课件.ppt

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hubbard01_instructorppt10精选课件精选课件.ppt

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Technology,Production,

andCosts

Afterstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Definetechnologyandgiveexamplesofpositiveandnegativetechnologicalchange.Distinguishbetweentheeconomicshortrunandtheeconomiclongrun.Understandtherelationshipbetweenthemarginalproductoflaborandtheaverageproductoflabor.Explainandillustratetherelationshipbetweenmarginalcostandaveragetotalcost.Graphaveragetotalcost,averagevariablecost,averagefixedcost,andmarginalcost.Understandhowfirmsusethelong-runaveragecostcurvetoplan.SonyUsesaCostCurvetoDeterminethePriceofRadiosLEARNINGOBJECTIVES12345Inthischapter,wewillfocusontherelationshipbetweenafirm’stechnologyanditsproductioncosts.62

Technology:AnEconomicDefinitionLEARNINGOBJECTIVE1 TechnologyTheprocessesafirmusestoturninputsintooutputsofgoodsandservices. TechnologicalchangeAchangeintheabilityofafirmtoproduceagivenlevelofoutputwithagivenquantityofinputs.3

ImprovingInventoryControlatWal-Mart10-1Betterinventorycontrolshavehelpedreducefirms’costs.4

TheShortRunandtheLongRun ShortrunTheperiodoftimeduringwhichatleastoneofthefirm’sinputsisfixed. LongrunAperiodoftimelongenoughtoallowafirmtovaryallofitsinputs,toadoptnewtechnology,andtoincreaseordecreasethesizeofitsphysicalplant.LEARNINGOBJECTIVE25

TheShortRunandtheLongRunTheDifferencebetweenFixedCostsandVariableCosts TotalcostThecostofalltheinputsafirmusesinproduction. VariablecostsCoststhatchangeasoutputchanges. FixedcostsCoststhatremainconstantasoutputchanges.TotalCost=FixedCost+VariableCostTC=FC+VC6

FixedCostsinthePublishingIndustry10-2COSTAMOUNTSalariesandBenefitsRentUtilitiesSuppliesPostageTravelSubscriptions,etc.MiscellaneousTotal$437,500$75,000$20,000$6,000$4,000$8,000$4,000$5,000$559,500Thesalariesofeditorsareconsidered