09Contract-Law-何家弘法律英语课件.pptVIP

LessonNine

ContractLaw;ContractDefinition;ThreeFactors;Background;美国合同法;TEXT;Contract;Forlawyers;Threeelementsinatransaction

——contract;THEWAYS

订立协议和执行协议的方法;Property;Ring;Rights;Realproperty;/;Lesstangibleproperty

不太有形的资产;Anysocialthat……;Evensocietiesthatdonotpermitprivateownershipofwealthtothedegreethatoursdoesarelikelytorecognizethepersonalrightsofindividualstobefreefromcertainkindsofconduct…

即使是那些对财产私有权的许可没有达到我们这种程序的社会，也会承认个人的人身权利不受某种行为的侵犯。;certainkindsofconduct;Criminallawvs.tortlaw;Criminallaw;Ownershipofproperty;Date;Agreementsforexchangearethemeansbywhichsomeresourcesareassembledandputtoproductiveuse.

交换的契约是将一些资源组合起来，使之得到有效利用的手段。

;Someagreementforexchangecallfortheimmediateandsimultaneousexchangeofmoneyforgoodsandservices.

有效交换契约要求现金与货物、服务的立即和同时交换。;Exchangeofsignificantsize

涉及到大额交易时;Thelawofcontracts;Legalproblemsdonotalwaysfitneatlyintothepigeonholesthatlegaltheoristshavecreated.

法律问题不可能总是与法理学家所创立的分类完全相符。

Frequentlytheyraiseissuesinvolvingmorethanonebodyoflaw.

法律问题往往涉及到不止一部法律。;“fraud”conduct

欺诈行为;Thewebofthelaw;Source/authority

法律渊源;首要法源;次要法源;WhatareRestatementsoftheLaw

法律注释汇编;Contractlaw;Technicaljargon专业术语;Judicialsystemofdecision-making司法决策体制;Staredecisis;Date;从两个方面证明以判例法为主要依据的法律制度的合法性;Thecharacteristicofasystem;Blindadherence;避免的方法：;Aprecedent;Iftheprecedentisnotmerelypersuasive,butbinding,itcannotsimplybeignored.Itmay,however,beavoided.

如果判例不仅有劝导性而且有约束力，那么该判例不能简单地被忽视，但却可以被回避。;Ifthefactsofthepresentcasedonotincludeafactthatappearstohavebeennecessary(“material”)totheearlierdecision,thecourtmay“distinguish”theprecedent,renderadifferentdecision.

如果以前判决不包含对当前案例有实质必要影响的事???，那么法院可以“区别”前例，提出不同的判决。;Iftheearlierprecedentisindeedbinding,butisdifficultorimpossibletodistinguish,thereisoneotherwaytoavoiditseffect.

如果比较早的判例确实有约束力，