Formation英语构词法课件.pptxVIP

WordFormation第1页

WordFormationInanylanguagenewwordsareoftencreated.Thecreationofnewwordsiscalledwordformationorwordbuilding.Wordformationisusefultousbecauseitcanenrichourvocabularybylearningsomemajorways.Themostimportantwayofwordformationarecompoundingandderivative.第2页

TypesofWordFormationCompounding(合成法）AcronymDerivation（派生法）InitialismConversion（转化法）Backformation（逆向构词法）Clipping（截短构词法）Blending第3页

CompoundingPuttingtwoindependwordstogether,thiswayofbuildingnewwordsiscalledcompounding.Compoundshavestrictpatterns.Thefirstelementinthecompoundreceivesthemainstress,butitisgenerallythesecondelementthatdeterminesthecompoundsnewwordclass.第4页

NounCompoundsn.＋n.horseback,bank-note,newspaperadj.＋n.back-yard,forehea，greenhouse,v-ing＋n.hiding-place,reading-roomadv.＋n.output,overflowv.＋n.pickpocket,break-waterpron.＋n.he-goat,she-wolf第5页

Verbcompoundsn.＋v.day-dream，sun-batheadv.＋v.overcome,upturn，overcome,adj.＋v.white-wash,todry-cleanv.+v.tosleep-walk第6页

AdjectiveCompoundsadj.＋adj.bitter-sweet,dark-bluen.+adj.world-famous，snow-white,adv.＋adj.ever-green,over-sensitivenum.＋n.+adj.five-year-old,six-inch-tallv.+adj.stir-crazy第7页

其它复合词组成复合副词名词+名词sideways名词+副词headfirst形容词+名词meanwhile介词+名词beforehand复合代词代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)himself,ourselves一些不定代词+body(one,thing)everyone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)第8页

DerivationAnothermajorwayofwordformationisderivation,whichisdonebyaddingaffixestootherwordsormorphemes.Darivationalaffixescanbediscribedintermsoftheirfunctionormeaning.Derivationalprocessesmaychangethegrammaticalpotentialofaword.第9页

Affixes(A)表示否定前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(惯用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(惯用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头词前)(B).表示错误或失当前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导)第10页

(C)表示两个,双边前缀：bi-