医学英语 Medical English Writing(2) writing a research paper 学习资料.ppt

*2functions,Includeresultswhetherornottheysupportthehypothesis,reportonlyresultspertinenttoresearchquestionandcanincludeimportantdata(figures,tables),datacannotstandalone*Bebriefanduncluttered-thereareexceptions,begineachparagraphwithstatingaresult,keepdatatoaminimum,presentdataaftertheresulttheysupport,ratherthanexactdatagivemagnitudeofresponseor%ofdifference,besuredataareinternallyconsistent,organizeparagraphsfrommosttoleastimportant,alsowithinparagraphs,subordinatedatawithinparenthesis,usesignificantandsignificantlyforstatisticalterms,Shortfocusedpresentationofdata,summarizedata,givearesultforeachmethod*Answersyourresearchquestioninthebeginning,onlythoseitemsthatrelatetothefocusofyourresultsWritingdetailsUsesubheadings,payattentiontothecoherenceUsetables(e.g.,patientcharacteristics)andfigures(e.g.,analysisofdata)toclarifyExplainlimitationsinbriefLastparagraphisstatisticalanalysis -howdataaresummarized,statisticaltest,measurementscompared,PvalueWriteinpasttensegenerallyUsebothfirstpersonorthirdperson(morecommon)CommonSentencePatterns选择研究对象：Inclusion/Entry/Exclusioncriteriawere/included…Selectionwasbasedon…,…wereselectedbasedon…Themajorcriteriaforinclusioninthestudywere……wereenteredinto/recruitedfrom/selectedfrom/enrolledat……wereexcludedfromthestudy/participation表示研究对象分组：…weredivided/grouped/stratified/classified/categorized/assigned/randomizedinto………wererandomlyallocatedto…(basedon…)表示材料来源：1.…was（obtained）from…2.…wasprovidedby…3.…waspurchasedfrom…4.…wasdonatedby/adonationfrom/agiftfrom…5.…(sourcesofmaterial)表示实验动物：…werebredin/fed/maintained/raisedwith/under……werefasted/starved12hourspriortooperation.…wereanesthesizedwith……werecaged,fed,