自考英语语言学课件-Chapter-5----6.pptVIP

Chapter5---6英语语言学

Chapter5Semantics1.definition:studyofmeaning2.Viewsonstudyofmeaning:1)Namingtheory:oldest/primitivePlato(Greek)Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings2)Conceptualistview:classicsemantictriangleOgdenRichards(British)symbol/form---concept(thought/reference)---referent

3)ContextualismJohnFirth(British)Situationalcontext:place,time,speaker,hearer,actions,objects,eventsLinguisticcontext:collocation,co-text4)BehaviorismBloomfield(American),behavioristpsychologyspeechandevent:JackandJillJill’sphysicalStimulus---verbalresponse---Jack’sverbalstimulus---non-vervalResponse

3.Lexicalmeaning1)SenseandreferenceSense:inherentmeaningcollection,abstract,de-contextualized,dictionaryReference:physicalworldrelationshipbetweenlanguisticelementandworldofexperienceEx.:same~---different~

2)MajorsenserelationsSynonymy:similarityPolysemy:morethanonemeaningprimarymeaningHomonymy:homophone,homographhomonymyandpolysemy:etymology,relationHyponymy:superordinate,hyponymsAntonymy:oppositeness:gradable,complementary,relational

AnalysisofmeaningComponentialanalysis成分分析---lexicalMeaningcomponent:semanticfeatureex.Man:+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALEWoman:+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+FEMALEGirl:+HUMAN,-ADULT,+ANIMATE,+FEMALE

Chapter6Pragmatics语用学1.definition1)howspeakersusesentencetocommunicatesuccessfully/meaninginthecontext.2)pragmaticssemantics:Linguisticstudiesofmeaning.Semantics:meaningasaintrinsicandinherentpropertyoflanguage;Pragmatics:meaninginthecontextofuse.

3)contextKnowledgesharedbythespeakerhearer.Twotypes:KnowledgeofthelanguageKnowledgeabouttheworld:GeneralknowledgeSpecificknowledgeaboutsituationFunction

4)sentence/utterancemeaningSentence:grammticalconceptMeaning:abstra