专题03 阅读理解：说明文【大题精做】-冲刺2024年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（新高考专用）含解析.pdfVIP

专题03阅读理解：说明文【大题精做】-冲刺2024年高考英语大题突

破+限时集训（新高考专）大题03阅读理解说明文

说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。在

高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。它既要求考生能熟练运词汇和语法知识、理解文章语

句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考竟方

式。即便是细行理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需

要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难

度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。

(2023年新高考I卷D篇)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpulishedapaperwhich

illustratedwhathascometoeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds,effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumerofindependentestimatescouldequite

accurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsarentalwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendlooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout.resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearcsimilarandtendtomake(hesame

errors,thentheirerrorswontcanceleachotheroutInmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

peoplesestimateseindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleseirorsecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwisl(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.The

keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurlherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethan(hosefromanequalnumerofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageotain