2016_研究生空间天气课件 空间天气的太阳起源.pptxVIP

SolarOriginsofSpaceWeather;Ourmodernhi-techsocietyhasbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletodisturbancesfromoutsidetheEarthsystem,inparticulartothoseinitiatedbyexplosiveeventsontheSun:

-Flaresreleaseflashesofradiationcoveringanimmensewavelengthrange(fromradiowavestoGamma-rays)thatcan,e.g.,heatuptheterrestrialatmospherewithinminutessuchthatsatellitesdropintolowerorbits.

-Coronalmassejections(CMEs),ejectedintointerplanetaryspaceasgiganticcloudsofionizedgas,thatafterafewhoursordaysmayeventuallyhittheEarthandcause,amongothereffects,geomagneticstorms

-Solarenergeticparticles(SEPs),acceleratedtonear-relativisticenergiesduringmajorsolarstormsarriveattheEarth’sorbitwithinminutesandmay,amongotherthings,severelyendangerastronautstravelingthroughinterplanetaryspace,i.e.,outsidetheEarth’sprotectivemagnetosphere.

;日冕物质抛射与太阳耀斑;ASOLARFLAREisdefinedasa

sudden,rapid,andintensevariationinbrightness.

;太阳耀斑

—定义为太阳亮度突然、快速和强烈的变化;Majoropticalflaresoccuronlyrarely,dependingonthephaseoftheactivitycycle,andtheylastonlyafewminutes.SoitwasbypureluckthatMr.?R.C.?CarringtononSeptember1,1859at11:18GMT,whiledoingroutinesunspotobservations,couldwitnesssuchauniqueeventforthefirsttime.

Theflarephenomenonhasalwaysattractedthesolarphysicscommunity.Thousandsofflareshavebeenobservedinalldetailanddescribedinhundredsofarticlesandbookswithin500conferences.

Theoreticiansandmodelershavebeenbusyinfindingconsistentexplanationsoftheflarephenomenon.However,thereisnounique,consistent,andgenerallyacceptedexplanationyet.

1019Jforthesmallesteventsthatarebarelyrecognizableas“events”uptosome1025Jforthemostenergeticones.Significantfractionsofthatenergygointoradiation,therestgoesintoheatingandaccelerationofparticles,thepartitiondependingo