珠宝玉石鉴定与选购指南.docVIP

珠宝玉石鉴定与选购指南

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珠宝玉石鉴定与选购指南详细内容如下：

第一章珠宝玉石基础知识

1.1珠宝玉石的定义与分类

1.1.1定义

珠宝玉石是指自然界中具有一定美观、稀有、耐久等特性的矿物、岩石及有机材料，经加工后可用于装饰、观赏或收藏的物品。珠宝玉石在人类历史中具有重要地位，既是物质财富的象征，也承载着丰富的文化内涵。

1.1.2分类

根据珠宝玉石的成分、结构和特性，可将其分为以下几类：

（1）宝石：自然界中具有美丽光泽、颜色鲜艳、质地坚韧的矿物晶体，如钻石、蓝宝石、红宝石等。

（2）玉石：具有细腻结构、柔和光泽的岩石，如翡翠、和田玉、岫玉等。

（3）有机宝石：由生物体产生的有机物质，如珍珠、珊瑚、琥珀等。

（4）人工宝石：通过人工方法合成的宝石，如人造钻石、人造宝石等。

1.2珠宝玉石的物理性质

1.2.1硬度

硬度是衡量珠宝玉石耐磨性的重要指标，通常采用摩氏硬度计进