增能视角下社区空巢老人抗逆力提升策略—以A社区长者为例.docx

摘要

随着我国老龄化加剧，空巢老人数量增多，面临诸多生活挑战，如孤独、健康问题等。A社区空巢老人问题突出，需提升其抗逆力以改善生活质量。本研究采用问卷调查与访谈相结合的方法，对A社区120名空巢老人进行调查，分析其抗逆力现状及影响因素，并选取一位丧偶空巢老人S进行个案研究，运用增能理论和社会支持理论开展干预。研究发现，A社区空巢老人抗逆力水平整体较低，其中乐观维度得分最低，坚韧性次之，自强维度相对较高。通过增能理论和社会支持理论的干预，个案老人S的抗逆力显著提升，情绪状态、社交能力、家庭关系等方面均取得积极改善。干预后，老人S的抗逆力量表得分从52分提升至83分，其中乐观维度提升最为显著。由此可见，增能理论和社会支持理论在提升空巢老人抗逆力方面具有显著效果。通过挖掘老人自身优势、增强社会支持网络，可有效改善空巢老人的生活质量，提升其应对生活挑战的能力。该研究为社区空巢老人服务提供了有益的实践参考。

关键词：增能理论；社会支持理论；社区空巢老人；抗逆力

Abstract

WiththeintensificationofaginginChina,thenumberofempty-nesteldersisincreasing,andtheyfacemanylifechallengessuchaslonelinessandhealthissues.Theproblemofempty-nesteldersinCommunityAisprominent,anditisnecessarytoenhancetheirresiliencetoimprovetheirqualityoflife.Thisstudyemploysacombinationofquestionnairesurveysandinterviews,investigating120empty-nesteldersinCommunityAtoanalyzetheircurrentresiliencestatusandinfluencingfactors.Onewidowedempty-nestelder,referredtoasElderS,wasselectedforacasestudy,andinterventionswereconductedusingempowermenttheoryandsocialsupporttheory.Theresearchfoundthattheoverallresiliencelevelofempty-nesteldersinCommunityAisrelativelylow,withthelowestscoresintheoptimismdimension,followedbyresilience,andrelativelyhigherscoresintheself-reliancedimension.Throughtheinterventionofempowermenttheoryandsocialsupporttheory,theresilienceofElderSsignificantlyimproved,withpositivechangesinemotionalstate,socialskills,andfamilyrelationships.Aftertheintervention,ElderSsresiliencescalescoreincreasedfrom52to83,withthemostsignificantimprovementintheoptimismdimension.Itisevidentthatempowermenttheoryandsocialsupporttheoryareeffectiveinenhancingtheresilienceofempty-nestelders.Bytappingintotheeldersownstrengthsandstrengtheningtheirsocialsupportnetworks,theirqualityoflifecanbeeffectivelyimproved,andtheirabilitytoc