大学思辨英语教程 精读3U13教师用书.pdf

Unit13RaceandEthnicity

UnitOverview

Araceisahumanpopulationthatisbelievedtobedistinctinsomewayfromother

humansbasedonrealorimaginedphysicaldifferences.Racialclassificationsare

rootedintheideaofbiologicalclassificationofhumansaccordingtomorphological

featuressuchasskincolororfacialcharacteristics.Anindividualisusuallyexternally

classified(meaningsomeoneelsemakestheclassification)intoaracialgrouprather

thantheindividualchoosingwheretheybelongaspartoftheiridentity.Conceptions

ofrace,aswellasspecificracialgroupings,areoftencontroversialduetotheirimpact

onsocialidentityandhowthoseidentitiesinfluencesomeonespositioninsocial

hierarchies.

Ethnicity,whilerelatedtorace,refersnottophysicalcharacteristicsbutsocialtraits

thataresharedbyahumanpopulation.Someofthesocialtraitsoftenusedforethnic

classificationincludenationality,tribe,religiousfaith,sharedlanguage,sharedculture,

andsharedtraditions.Unlikerace,ethnicityisnotusuallyexternallyassignedbyother

individuals.Thetermethnicityfocusesmoreuponagroupsconnectiontoaperceived

sharedpastandculture.

Racismisthebeliefinthesuperiorityofoneraceoveranother,whichoftenresults

indiscriminationandprejudicetowardspeoplebasedontheirraceorethnicity.Today,

theuseofthetermracismdoesnoteasilyfallunderasingledefinition.

Theideologyunderlyingracistpracticesoftenincludestheideathathumanscanbe

subdividedintodistinctgroupsthataredifferentduetotheirsocialbehaviorandtheir

innatecapacitiesaswellastheideathattheycanberankedasinferiororsuperior.

HistoricalexamplesofinstitutionalracismincludetheHolocaust,theapartheid

regimeinSouthAfrica,slaveryandsegregationin