大学思辨英语教程 精读3U12教师用书.pdf

Unit12DevianceandCrime

UnitOverview

Devianceisanybehaviorthatviolatesculturalnorms.Devianceisoftendividedinto

twotypesofdeviantactivities.Thefirst,crimeistheviolationofformallyenacted

lawsandisreferredtoasformaldeviance.Examplesofformaldeviancewould

include:robbery,theft,rape,murder,andassault,justtonameafew.Thesecondtype

ofdeviantbehaviorreferstoviolationsofinformalsocialnorms,normsthathavenot

beencodifiedintolaw,andisreferredtoasinformaldeviance.Examplesofinformal

deviancemightinclude:pickingonesnose,belchingloudly(insomecultures),

standingtooclosetoanotherunnecessarily(insomecultures)andhomosexual

behavior(again,insomecultures).

Asthelasttwoexamplesintheprecedingparagraphillustrate,deviancecanvary

quitedramaticallyfromculturetoculture.Culturalnormsarerelative;thismakes

deviantbehaviorrelativeaswell.Sociologicalinterestindevianceincludesboth

interestsinmeasuringformaldeviance(statisticsofcriminalbehavior)andanumber

oftheoriesthattrytoexplainboththeroleofdevianceinsocietyanditsorigins.

TextA

In“TheNormalcyofCrime”,RandallCollinsintroducesthreemajorexplanationsof

crime:conservative,liberal,andradical.Thenheassociatesvarioustheoriesof

deviancewithdifferentpoliticalperspective.Collinsfurtherarguesthatthethree

explanationsignorethepossibilitythatcrimeisanormal,andevennecessary,feature

ofallsocieties.

TextB

In“TheFunctionsofCrime”,EmileDurkheimanalyzesthefunctionsofcrimeinthe

society,andhearguesthatnotallthefunctionsofcrimearenegative.

Teachingobjectives

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