高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语

叶文斌

直接引语和间接引语的概念

类别

比拟

直接引语

间接引语

定义

直接引用别人的原话

用自己的话转述别人的话

不同点

直接引语前后要加引号

间接引语不用引号

相同点

直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句〔由祈使句转化而来的间接引语除外〕

例句

Tomsaid,“I’mafraidthatIcan’tfinishthework.”

MarytoldmethatshewouldleaveforLondonthenextmorning.

直接引语变间接引语的时态规律

1.直接引语变间接引语的时态变化

种类

条件

直接引语→

间接引语

例句

间接引语谓语变化

(主句中谓语动词的时态是过去时)

一般现在时→

一般过去时

Heinsisted,“I’mthehappiestfatherallovertheworld.”→

Heinsistedthathewasthehappiestfatherallovertheworld.

现在进行时→

过去进行时

Johnexplained,“I’moperatingthewashingmachinenow.”→

Johnexplainedthathewasoperatingthewashingmachinethen.

现在完成时→

过去完成时

Thewomanexclaimed,“Ihaslostcontrolofmyson.”→

Thewomanexclaimedthatshehadlostcontrolofherson.

一般过去时→

过去完成时

OldBensaid,“Iexperiencedthewell-knowncivilwar.”→

OldBensaidthathehadexperiencedthewell-knowncivilwar.

过去完成时→

过去完成时

Carlaanswered,“Ihadpassedthedrivingtestlastyear”.→

Carlaansweredthatshehadpassedthedrivingtesttheyearbefore.

一般将来时→

过去将来时

LittleTonypromised,“I’llfinishmyhomeworkontime.”→

LittleTonypromisedthathewouldfinishhishomeworkontime.

must→

hadto/must

Thebossshouted,“Allofyoumustleavehereatonce.”→

Thebossshoutedthatallofthemhadto/mustleavehereatonce.

can/may→

could/might

Joywhispered,“Imaynotobeyyourdirectionatthistime.”→

Joywhisperedthatshemightnotobeymydirectionatthattime.

shall/will→

should/would

Theteacherrequired,“Youshalldependonyourselfonthewaytosuccess.”→

Theteacherrequiredthatweshoulddependonmyselfonthewaytosuccess.

2.直接引语变间接引语的时态不变

条件

种类

a.直接引语的性质

例句

间接引语谓语不变

表示客观、永恒的真理、规律或格言时

Theteachersaid,“Everythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin.”→Theteachersaidthateverythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin.

表示习惯性、反复性的动作或状态时

“Myfatheralwayshasacupofmilkaftersupper,”saidAnn.→Annsaidthatherfatherhasacupofmilkaftersupper.

表示谈话时动作仍然在继续时

Tonyintroduced,“Bothofmysiste